本项目以研究ZnO纳米流体生态毒性机理为目标，深入探讨ZnO纳米流体对细菌生态圈的影响。通过研究ZnO纳米流体的预处理方法及影响ZnO纳米流体的细菌毒性的因素，控制ZnO纳米流体的细菌毒性，并确定纳米流体与细菌生存条件的关系，减少ZnO纳米流体对细菌生态环境的影响。研究采用SEM，TEM，XRD，EPR，荧光分析等测量手段，深入分析ZnO纳米流体的物理化学特性，测定ZnO纳米材料的颗粒大小、形状、活性氧成分及含量、溶解度等参数；分析细菌种类、量，光条件及超声场下的细菌毒性，通过探讨物理化学参数与细菌毒性试验之间的关联，从活性氧成分、自由Zn离子浓度、溶解度等方面，阐明ZnO纳米流体的生态毒性机理，揭示ZnO纳米流体的细菌毒性，并对其生态影响进行分析预测。本研究对于科学发展ZnO纳米流体，了解ZnO纳米流体的地球环境效应，推动ZnO纳米流体在工程中的合理应用具有重要的理论与工程的意义

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks to establish a new Edward R. Roybal Center at Johns Hopkins University that will provide visionary leadership and critical infrastructure to stimulate, facilitate, and extend innovative research in the behavioral and socia sciences for older adults. The proposed Johns Hopkins Roybal Center (JHRC) will address two focus areas of the request for applications (RFA-AG-14-004): Focus area 4 - novel methods for analyzing programs affecting older populations; and Focus area 5 - novel programs or practices at homes, workplaces, or firms benefitting older people in specific priority areas. A unifying theme of the JHRC will be an emphasis on better understanding and strengthening the informal support resources of vulnerable older adult populations, particularly those with physical or cognitive impairments. Informal support resources encompass a number of dimensions, including family factors (e.g., marital status, number and location of adult children, caregiver availability); the size, structure, and diversity of one's social network; the amount of contact, support, and engagement achieved through these relationships, and the degree of coordination between informal support resources and more formal care services. As healthcare services and other programs for older adults become more home- and community-based, and less reliant on traditional institutional delivery models, it is vitally important to extend programs and services beyond a patient-centered approach to also include key family members, caregivers, and other aspects of the older adult's social network. A second recurring theme of the JHRC will be on methodological innovations that better advance the evidence-base for how strengthening informal support resources can benefit the health and well-being of older adults. Six initial pilot studies will be supported as part of the JHRC that address the informal support needs of older adults across a diverse set of clinical conditions including dementia, stroke, end stage renal disease, and multiple chronic conditions. Sophisticated technological and methodological advances are essential to the effective translation of social and behavioral research findings into applied practices that make a difference in the lives of older adults with these conditions and their families.

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Endocrine-related illnesses; such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and osteoporosis have become major public health concerns because of their prevalence, their devastating complication (heart attacks, stroke, blindness, amputations, dialysis) and their adverse effects on other major illnesses such as diseases of the cardiovascular, renal, nervous, gonadal and digestive systems. Whereas the management and the prevention of these diseases have become the mandate of primary care physicians, endocrinologists carry the burden of leading research to better understand the disease processes and provide effective prevention and management strategies. Such a noble goal requires motivated endocrinologists who understand their leadership role and who commit to research and education in endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism. However, the number of academic endocrinologists who combine clinical skills and research expertise is decreasing. Most endocrine fellowship programs produce clinical endocrinologists who are not skilled in endocrine investigation and eventually move to private clinical practice. The objective of this application is to take advantage of the excellent academic environment of the Wayne State University School of Medicine and of the existing ACGME clinical training program in endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism to direct young endocrinologists to the research/academic track, and motivate and train them in basic, clinical and/or translational endocrine research disciplines so they may develop into mature/rounded endocrine investigators. This proposal involves 2 trainees/year selected on the basis of prior scholarly achievement and interest in a career in biomedical endocrine investigation, who will spend a minimum of two years in research training after completing their clinical fellowship in endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism. This program shall provide a mean to develop and crystallize the investigative skills of the trainees and at the same time shall become a bridging mechanism for transitioning them to become competitive for independent research funds and academic appointment so they may become the future leaders of endocrine research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis are Increasing in prevalence and have devastating complications. This program alms at recruiting, motivating and training young endocrinologists to become ACADEMIC ENDOCRINOLOGISTS leading research fpr a better understanding and effective prevention and management strategies of endocrine-related illnesses.

Будет исследовано развитие детонации при инициировании малоплотных конденсированных взрывчатых веществ(ВВ)слабыми ударными волнами и высокоэнтальпийным газовым потоком.Исследование будет включать как экспериментальную,так и теоретически-расчетную часть.Основной экспериментальной диагностикой будет измерение плотности по поглощению пучка синхротронного излучения(СИ).Теоретический раздел будет содержать модели развития реакции,интегрированные в численный газодинамический код.Работа позволит выяснить пределы инициирования и механизм быстрого(единицы микросекунд)развития детонации в малоплотных ВВ.

Vaccinology has focused on non-living vaccines, which are more stable and safety than live-attenuated vaccines but often show limited immunogenicity. Vaccine adjuvants are traditionally used to augment and modulate the immunogenicity of vaccines. We previously reported that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a widely used pharmaceutical excipient to improve solubility, can be used effectively as an adjuvant for influenza vaccine in both subcutaneous and intranasal administration. However, the molecular mechanisms of adjuvanticity of HP-β-CD hasn't been investigated in detail. In this study, we observed HP-β-CD to release of IL-33 but not elevated in other vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, our data suggest that IL-33/ST2 signaling is responsible for the adjuvant effect of HP-β-CD by intranasal administration. Our study suggests that the understanding of administration route and tissue-specific immune responses are critical for the design of unique vaccine adjuvants.

Masticatory adaptation after implant treatment was examined by assessing occlusal contact,maximum bite force,masticatory efficiency and food hardness perception.Longitudinal assessment demonstrated masticatory adaptation immediately after implant rehabilitation with improvements noted up to 3 months after surgery and rehabilitation.It was also observed that,despite gradually improved bite force in all patients,masticatory efficiency and food hardness perception did not necessarily follow this tendency.Cross-sectional assessment was performed to compare them in four groups of teeth vs.teeth,teeth vs.implant,the implant vs.implant,and the denture vs.the implant.It was concluded that Osseoperception may influence to a hardness sense and periodontal membrane to a chewing function. These results are considered to contribute to clarify pathology of the masticatory force and the index of masticatory adaptation after dental implant treatment.